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NFRC Label Guide

Window Ratings Explained: NFRC U-Factor, SHGC, VT & Air Leakage

The NFRC label gives comparable performance numbers for specific window configurations, helping you move beyond generic 'energy-efficient' marketing language.

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U-Factor

Heat transfer through the window. Lower is better for limiting heat loss.

SHGC

Solar heat admitted through the product. The preferred value depends on climate and orientation.

VT

Visible transmittance: how much visible light passes through the product.

Air Leakage

Air passing through the assembly. Lower values mean less infiltration.

The core NFRC metrics

NFRC defines U-Factor as a measure of heat transfer (lower is better for retaining heat), SHGC as solar heat admitted through the product, visible transmittance as daylight admitted, and air leakage as air passing through the assembly.

  • U-Factor: lower means less heat transfer
  • SHGC: lower blocks more solar heat; the preferred value is climate-dependent
  • VT: higher generally means more visible daylight
  • Air Leakage: lower means less air infiltration
  • Condensation Resistance: higher means greater resistance to condensation

Use ratings for the exact product

Ratings can change with glass package, frame, spacer and configuration. Verify the exact labeled or certified configuration rather than relying on a marketing claim for an entire product family.

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Change window count, frame material, style and location in the estimator. It returns a planning range and shows the assumptions instead of hiding them.

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Quick answers

window ratings explained FAQs

Concise answers first; source details stay visible elsewhere on the page.

Is a lower U-Factor better?

For insulation, yes: NFRC describes a lower U-Factor as better at keeping heat from escaping.

Is a lower SHGC always better?

No. Lower SHGC blocks more solar heat, which is useful in hot climates, while colder climates may benefit from different solar-gain strategies depending on orientation and design.